Acute cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by gallstones blocking the bile ducts. It is a painful condition that can lead to serious complications if not treated properly. This article explores the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options.
Causes and Symptoms
Causes:
- Gallstones: Blockage of the cystic duct by gallstones.
- Infection: Bacterial infection secondary to obstruction.
- Injuries: Injuries to the gallbladder due to trauma or previous surgery.
Symptoms:
- Abdominal pain: Severe pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, which may radiate to the right shoulder or back.
- Fever: Elevation of body temperature.
- Nausea and vomiting: Associated with abdominal pain.
- Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes in severe cases.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis:
- Medical History and Physical Examination: Assessment of symptoms and examination of the abdomen.
- Abdominal ultrasound: To visualise gallstones and gallbladder inflammation.
- Computed Tomography (CT): In complex cases or when the diagnosis is unclear.
- Blood tests: To detect signs of infection and inflammation.
Treatment:
- Antibiotics: To treat bacterial infection.
- Intravenous Hydration: To maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
- Analgesics: To control pain.
- Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder, which can be done laparoscopically or open.