Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas that can cause severe abdominal pain and other serious symptoms. This article explores its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options.
Causes:
- Gallstones: Blockage of the pancreatic duct by a gallstone.
- Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption.
- Medications: Some medications can induce pancreatitis.
- Infections: Viral or bacterial infections.
- Abdominal trauma: Direct injuries to the abdomen.
Symptoms:
- Abdominal Pain: Severe pain in the upper abdomen that may radiate to the back.
- Nausea and vomiting: Associated with abdominal pain.
- Fever: Elevation of body temperature.
- Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes in severe cases.
Diagnosis:
- Blood test: To measure pancreatic enzyme levels (amylase and lipase).
- Computed Tomography (CT): To visualise inflammation of the pancreas.
- Ultrasound: To detect gallstones and assess inflammation.
Treatment:
- Hospitalisation: Requires hospital admission for monitoring and symptom management.
- Pancreatic rest: No oral food or fluids, using intravenous nutrition if necessary.
- Intravenous Hydration: To maintain hydration and electrolyte balance.
- Analgesia: Medicines to control pain.
- Antibiotics: If infection is suspected.