Cholelithiasis, or gallstones, is a common condition that can cause severe abdominal pain and complications if not treated properly. In this article, we will delve into the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatments available for cholelithiasis.
Causes
Gallstones form due to a number of factors, such as:
- Excess cholesterolExcess cholesterol can crystallise and form stones.
- Concentrated bileWhen the gallbladder does not empty properly.
- Risk factorsThey include obesity, high-fat diet, pregnancy and family history.
Symptoms
Typical symptoms include:
- Severe painIn the upper right part of the abdomen, especially after eating fatty foods.
- Nausea and vomitingAssociated with pain.
- JaundiceYellowing of the skin and eyes if a stone blocks the bile duct.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is made by:
- Abdominal ultrasoundThe most common imaging technique for detecting stones.
- Liver function testsTo assess the impact on the liver.
Treatment
Treatment options include:
- ObservationFor asymptomatic cases.
- MedicinesTo dissolve stones, although rarely effective in the long term.
- SurgeryCholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder) is the most common and effective treatment.