Gallstones, or cholelithiasis, are solid formations that develop in the gallbladder due to crystallisation of bile components. This article discusses their causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options.
Causes and Symptoms
Causes:
- Excess Cholesterol in Bile: Cholesterol can crystallise and form stones.
- Excess Bilirubin: Bilirubin can form pigment stones.
- Inadequate storage of bile: The gallbladder does not empty properly.
Symptoms:
- Abdominal pain: Sudden, severe pain in the right upper abdomen, often after eating.
- Nausea and vomiting: Associated with abdominal pain.
- Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes.
- Abdominal Swelling: Feeling of fullness and relaxation.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis:
- Abdominal Ultrasound: To visualise gallstones in the gallbladder.
- Computed Tomography (CT): To assess the gallbladder and bile ducts.
- Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP): For detailed images of the bile ducts.
Treatment:
- Remark: If the stones do not cause symptoms.
- Medicines: Bile acids to dissolve stones in some cases.
- Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder, performed laparoscopically or openly.
- Lithotripsy: Use of shock waves to break up stones in selected cases.
Gallstones can cause severe pain and serious complications if not treated properly. If you experience symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, nausea or jaundice, consult a general surgeon for proper evaluation and treatment.