Hiatal hernia is a condition in which part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest. This condition can cause uncomfortable symptoms and, in some cases, serious complications. This article explores its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options.
Causes:
- Weakness of the Diaphragm: With age or due to congenital factors, the diaphragm may weaken.
- Increased intra-abdominal pressure: Factors such as pregnancy, obesity, heavy lifting, or straining during defecation may contribute to hernia.
- Injury: Trauma to the abdominal area.
Symptoms:
- Heartburn: Burning sensation in the chest due to acid reflux.
- Regurgitation: Reflux of food or liquid into the mouth.
- Chest Pain: Chest pain that can be similar to a heart attack.
- Difficulty Swallowing: Feeling of food getting stuck in the throat.
- Frequent belching: Increased gas production.
Diagnosis:
- Medical History and Physical Examination: Assessment of symptoms and medical history.
- Barium Esophageal Transit X-ray: To visualise the stomach and oesophagus.
- Endoscopy: To look directly into the oesophagus and stomach.
- Oesophageal manometry: To measure the pressure and motility of the oesophagus.
Treatment:
- Lifestyle changes: Avoid foods and drinks that trigger symptoms, eat small portions, do not lie down immediately after eating, and lose weight if necessary.
- Medications: Antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors to reduce heartburn.
- Surgery: In severe cases or when conservative treatment is not effective, fundoplication surgery may be performed to strengthen the lower oesophageal sphincter and repair the hernia.