Inguinal hernia: when to operate and what are the options?

What is an inguinal hernia?

It is the outflow of abdominal contents (intestine or fat) through the inguinal canal, a natural area of weakness in the abdominal wall. It can be caused by straining, muscle weakness or genetic predisposition.

Symptoms

  • Visible or palpable lump in the groin, which appears on coughing or straining

  • Discomfort or pain when walking, lifting or standing for a long time

  • In severe cases: sudden pain, redness, and nausea (signs of strangulation).

When should you have surgery?

  • When it causes pain, frequent discomfort or limitation of activity

  • If there is a risk of incarceration (herniated contents do not return) or strangulation (lack of blood supply).

Types of surgery

  • Open techniquewith or without mesh

  • Laparoscopicless invasive, ideal for bilateral or recurrent hernias

  • Outpatient surgerydischarge the same day in the majority of cases

Recovery

  • Mild-moderate pain for the first few days

  • Return to work: 1 to 2 weeks for sedentary jobs

  • Intense physical activity: after 4 to 6 weeks

Not all hernias should be operated on immediately, but they should be assessed by a surgeon. Current surgical treatment is safe, effective and with rapid recovery.