Intestinal obstruction is a condition in which the normal passage of intestinal contents is impeded, which can cause severe abdominal pain and other symptoms. This article explores its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options.
Causes and Symptoms
Causes:
- Adherences: Post-surgical scar tissue causing obstruction.
- Hernias: Protrusion of part of the intestine through an opening in the abdominal wall.
- Tumours: Growths that block the passage of intestinal contents.
- Paralytic ileus: Lack of normal bowel movement.
Symptoms:
- Abdominal pain: Colicky pain that comes and goes.
- Abdominal distention: Swelling of the abdomen.
- Nausea and vomiting: Inability to retain food or fluids.
- Absence of Bowel Movement: Do not pass gas or faeces.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis:
- Medical History and Physical Examination: Assessment of symptoms and examination of the abdomen.
- Abdominal X-ray: To detect air and fluid levels in the intestines.
- Computed Tomography (CT): To locate the obstruction and determine its cause.
- Contrast Enema: To visualise the bowel and locate the obstruction.
Treatment:
- Intestinal Rest: Do not take food or fluids by mouth, using intravenous nutrition if necessary.
- Nasogastric decompression: Placement of a tube to relieve pressure and stomach contents.
- Surgery: To resolve obstruction caused by adhesions, hernias or tumours.
- Medicines: In cases of paralytic ileus, medications can be used to stimulate bowel movement.
Intestinal obstruction is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment to prevent serious complications. If you experience severe abdominal pain, bloating or no bowel movement, consult a general surgeon or go to the emergency room immediately.