Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. However, what few people know is that this type of cancer can be prevented and even cured if detected early. Adopting healthy habits and getting screened early not only increases your chances of avoiding complications, it can also save your life. Here's how.
Why is prevention important?
Colorectal cancer begins as polyps, small formations in the colon or rectum that, over time, can become malignant. The good news is that these polyps often develop slowly, providing a crucial window to detect and treat them before they progress.
Key data:
- It is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and women.
- It often has no symptoms in its early stages.
- Early diagnosis has a survival rate higher than 90%.
Screening Tests: Your Best Defence
Regular screening is the most effective tool for identifying and treating colorectal cancer early. These tests not only detect cancer in its early stages, but can also identify polyps before they become a problem.
Recommended tests:
- Colonoscopy:
It allows visualisation of the inside of the colon and rectum, removing polyps if necessary.
Frequency: Every 10 years, starting at age 50 (or earlier if there is a family history). - Fecal Occult Blood Tests:
They detect microscopic blood in the stool, a possible indicator of polyps or cancer.
Frequency: Annually. - Flexible Sigmoidoscopy:
Similar to colonoscopy, but focuses on the lower part of the colon.
Frequency: Every 5 years. - DNA stool test:
Identifies genetic changes associated with colorectal cancer.
Frequency: Every 3 years.
Who Should Take These Tests?
All persons over 50 years of age.
Those with a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps.
People with inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.
Healthy Habits for Preventing Colorectal Cancer
In addition to screening tests, your lifestyle plays a crucial role in preventing colorectal cancer. Incorporating healthy habits can significantly reduce your risk.
Prevention Tips:
- Fibre-rich food:
Eat fruit, vegetables, whole grains and pulses. These foods promote intestinal health and reduce the formation of polyps. - Reduce Consumption of Red and Processed Meat:
Diets high in fat and processed meats are linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. - Stay Active:
Regular physical activity improves intestinal transit and strengthens the immune system. - Control your weight:
Obesity is a significant risk factor for this type of cancer. - Avoid Alcohol and Tobacco:
Both habits increase the risk of colorectal cancer. - Adequate Hydration:
Drinking enough water facilitates intestinal transit.
Warning Signs: Know the Symptoms
Although colorectal cancer may be silent in its early stages, some symptoms may indicate a problem in the colon or rectum:
- Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool.
- Persistent changes in bowel habits (diarrhoea or constipation).
- Recurrent abdominal pain.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Constant fatigue.
- If you notice any of these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately.
Your Health is a Priority
Colorectal cancer does not have to be a death sentence. Early detection tests and lifestyle changes are powerful tools to prevent and treat this disease. Talking to your doctor and taking proactive steps can make the difference between early detection and serious complications.