Main Proctological Pathologies
1. Haemorrhoids
- Haemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectum and anus that can cause pain, itching and bleeding. They are very common and can be internal or external.
- Treatment: Depending on the severity, treatment can range from diet and lifestyle changes to minimally invasive procedures such as rubber band ligation, or surgery in severe cases.
Proctology is a subspecialty of surgery that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the rectum, anus and colon. Proctological conditions are common and can significantly affect patients' quality of life. This post provides a comprehensive overview of proctology, its main pathologies and the treatment options available.
2. Anal Fissures
An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anus that can cause severe pain and bleeding during defecation.
○ Treatment: It includes dietary changes, sitz baths, medicated ointments and, in persistent cases, surgery to relax the sphincter muscle.
- Anal fistulas
- Anal fistulas are abnormal tracts that develop between the anal canal and the skin near the anus, often as a result of a previous anal abscess.
- Treatment: It usually requires surgery to remove the fistulous tract and prevent recurrent infections.
- Anal Abscesses
- An anal abscess is a collection of pus near the anus or rectum, caused by an infection in the anal glands.
- Treatment: It includes surgical drainage of the abscess and antibiotics to fight infection.
- Rectal prolapse
- Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum slides out of the anus. It is more common in older adults and can cause pain and bleeding.
- Treatment: It ranges from conservative measures to surgery to repair and secure the rectum in its correct position. Diagnosis in Proctology The diagnosis of proctological diseases is made by a combination of clinical history, physical examination and specific tests, including:
1. Anoscopy and Sigmoidoscopy
Procedures that allow the doctor to visualise the inside of the anus and the lower part of the colon, using a thin, flexible tube with a camera. 2. Endoanal ultrasound
Used to evaluate internal structures and detect abnormalities such as abscesses or fistulas.
3. Colonoscopy
A more extensive examination of the colon that can detect inflammation, tumours, and other abnormalities throughout the colon and rectum.
Proctology Treatments
1. Medicines
They include painkillers, anti-inflammatories, topical ointments and suppositories to treat symptoms such as pain, itching and inflammation.
2. Minimally Invasive Procedures
Techniques such as rubber band ligation for haemorrhoids, and infrared sclerosis or coagulation.
3. Surgery
Reserved for more severe cases, it may include haemorrhoidectomy,
Conclusion
Proctology is a vital specialty that addresses a range of conditions that, while common, can be very uncomfortable and debilitating. Early detection and treatment are essential to improve patients' quality of life. If you are experiencing symptoms related to diseases of the rectum or anus, it is crucial to seek specialised medical care to obtain an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.