Short bowel syndrome is a condition in which a large part of the small intestine has been removed or does not function properly, affecting nutrient absorption. This article explores its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options.
Causes and Symptoms
Causes:
- Intestinal Surgery: Removal of a large part of the small intestine due to Crohn's disease, intestinal infarction, or trauma.
- Congenital diseases: Such as gastroschisis or intestinal atresia.
Symptoms:
- Diarrhoea: Frequent and watery due to inadequate absorption of fluids and nutrients.
- Weight Loss: Inability to maintain body weight.
- Malnutrition: Vitamin and mineral deficiency.
- Fatigue: Due to lack of absorption of essential nutrients.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis:
- Medical History and Physical Examination: Assessment of symptoms and medical history.
- Blood tests: For measuring nutrient and electrolyte levels.
- Imaging tests: To assess the length and function of the remaining intestine.
Treatment:
- Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN): Provision of nutrients directly through an intravenous line.
- Specialised diets: Adaptation of the diet to improve absorption and minimise diarrhoea.
- Medicines: To reduce intestinal motility and improve nutrient absorption.
- Intestinal Transplantation: In severe cases, intestinal transplant surgery may be necessary.
Short bowel syndrome is a serious condition that requires long-term, multidisciplinary management to improve nutrient absorption and quality of life. If you experience symptoms of malnutrition or significant weight loss, consult a general surgeon for appropriate evaluation and treatment.