Umbilical hernia is a common condition in which part of the intestine protrudes through an opening in the abdominal muscles near the navel (umbilicus). This article explores its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options.
Causes:
- Congenital: Present at birth due to a weakness in the abdominal wall.
- Adults: May develop due to factors such as pregnancy, obesity, previous abdominal surgery, and activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure.
Symptoms:
- Navel lump: A soft lump near the navel, which may become more prominent with coughing, laughing, or physical activity.
- Pain or discomfort: In some cases, it may cause pain or discomfort, especially on exertion.
- Complications: If part of the intestine is strangulated, it can cause severe pain, nausea, vomiting, and requires immediate medical attention.
Diagnosis:
- Physical Examination: The physician can diagnose umbilical hernia by observation and palpation of the bulge.
- Imaging: In some cases, ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) may be used to assess the extent of the hernia.
Treatment:
- Observation: Small, asymptomatic umbilical hernias can be observed without immediate intervention.
- Surgery: Surgical repair, or herniorrhaphy, is the definitive treatment to prevent complications. It can be performed openly or laparoscopically, using mesh to strengthen the abdominal wall.