Intestinal Microbiota and Digestive Surgery: A Revolutionary Approach
The balance of the gut microbiota, known as the "second brain" of the human body, is proving to be a key factor in the success of digestive surgeries. Recent research is shedding light on how the trillions of microorganisms that inhabit our digestive tract directly influence post-operative recovery, prevention of complications and overall patient well-being.
What is the gut microbiota?
The gut microbiota is the set of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea, that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. Their role is fundamental in processes such as:
Digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Regulation of the immune system.
Production of vitamins and essential compounds.
● Protection against pathogens and maintenance of the intestinal barrier.
An imbalance in this microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can contribute to the development of disease and surgical complications.
Microbiota and Digestive Surgery
In the surgical context, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in:
- Postoperative recovery:
A balanced microbiota promotes tissue healing, reduces inflammation and speeds recovery.
Patients with dysbiosis are at increased risk of infections, fistulas and delayed healing.
- Prevention of Complications:
Dysbiosis is associated with post-surgical infections and metabolic disturbances that complicate the course of treatment.
A healthy microbiota can reduce the risk of sepsis and other serious complications.
- Immune response:
Microbial balance boosts immune function, which is crucial for fighting infections after surgery.
- Post-surgical syndromes:
In patients undergoing procedures such as intestinal resection, the microbiota may help prevent problems such as short bowel syndrome or chronic diarrhoea.
How to Optimise the Microbiota Before and After Surgery?
Preparing and caring for the gut microbiota can make a big difference to surgical outcomes. Here are some key strategies:
Before Surgery:
- Diet Rich in Fibre and Prebiotics:
Foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and legumes promote the growth of beneficial bacteria.
- Use of probiotics:
Supplements with specific bacterial strains can balance the microbiota and reduce the risk of infections.
- Avoiding Unnecessary Antibiotics:
Although essential in some cases, excessive use of antibiotics can negatively alter the microbiota.
After Surgery:
- Gradual Reintroduction of Food:
An adequate diet in the first postoperative weeks favours the re-establishment of the microbiota.
- Continuation of Probiotics:
Strains such as Lactobacillus y Bifidobacterium help to restore microbial balance.
- Adequate Hydration:
Essential for maintaining intestinal health and preventing constipation.
- Stress Management:
Surgical stress can negatively affect the microbiota. Relaxation techniques may be beneficial.
What Does Science Say?
Recent studies have shown that:
● Patients with balanced microbiota have fewer post-surgical complications.
● The use of probiotics reduces surgical infections by up to 50%.
● People with dysbiosis are at increased risk of developing inflammatory diseases after surgery.
In addition, emerging treatments such as faecal transplants are beginning to gain ground as tools to rapidly restore microbial balance in critically ill patients.
The Future of Digestive Surgery and the Microbiota
The integration of microbiota analysis into surgical management represents an innovative approach in medicine. In the future, surgeons may be able to customise surgical and post-operative treatments based on the patient's microbial status.
This includes:
● Microbiological tests prior to surgery to identify possible imbalances.
● Personalised supplements to optimise the intestinal environment.
● Combination therapies linking probiotics with traditional medical treatments.
If you are considering surgery or are already scheduled for surgery, talk to your doctor about how to optimise your microbiota. Taking this integrative approach can not only improve your immediate health, but also your long-term health.
The gut microbiota is transforming our understanding of digestive health and surgical outcomes. Taking care of it before, during and after digestive surgery not only improves recovery, but also prevents serious complications.